Section 327IAC8-2-4.1. Collection of samples for inorganic chemical testing

  1. (a) CWSs shall conduct monitoring to determine compliance with the MCLs specified in section 4(a), 4(c), and 4(d) of this rule in accordance with this section. NTNCWSs shall conduct monitoring to determine compliance with the MCLs specified in section 4(a) and 4(d) of this rule in accordance with this section. TWSs shall conduct monitoring to determine compliance with the MCLs specified in section 4(a) of this rule in accordance with this section.

  (b) When a contaminant listed in section 4 of this rule exceeds the MCL, the supplier of water shall report to the commissioner under section 13 of this rule and shall give notice to the public under 327 IAC 8-2.1-7 through 327 IAC 8-2.1-16. Monitoring after public notification shall be at a frequency designated by the commissioner and shall continue until the MCL has not been exceeded in two (2) successive samples or until a monitoring schedule as a condition to an enforcement action shall become effective.

  (c) Monitoring shall be conducted as follows:

(1) Ground water systems shall take a minimum of one (1) sample at every entry point to the distribution system that is representative of each well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point) beginning in the compliance period starting January 1, 1993. The system shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant.

(2) Surface water systems, including systems with a combination of surface and ground sources, shall take a minimum of one (1) sample at every entry point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the distribution system at a point that is representative of each source after treatment (hereafter called a sampling point) beginning in the compliance period beginning January 1, 1993. The system shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant.

(3) If a system draws water from more than one (1) source and the sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions, for example, when water is representative of all sources being used.

(4) The commissioner may reduce the total number of samples that must be analyzed by allowing the use of compositing. Composite samples from a maximum of five (5) samples are allowed, provided that the detection limit of the method used for analysis is less than one-fifth (¹/5) of the MCL. Compositing of samples must be completed in the laboratory as follows:

(A) When a composite sample is analyzed, if the concentration in the composite sample is greater than or equal to one-fifth (¹/5) of the MCL of any inorganic chemical, then a follow-up sample must be analyzed within fourteen (14) days at each sampling point included in the composite. These samples must be analyzed for the contaminants that exceeded one-fifth (¹/5) of the MCL in the composite sample. Detection limits for each analytical method and MCLs for each inorganic contaminant are the following:

Contaminant	MCL (mg/l)	Methodology	Detection Limit (mg/l)
Antimony	0.006	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.003
		Atomic absorption; platform	0.00085
		ICP-mass spectrometry	0.0004
		Hydride-atomic absorption	0.001
Arsenic	0.0106	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.001
		Atomic absorption; platform - stabilized temperature	0.00057
		Atomic absorption; gaseous hydride	0.001
		ICP-mass spectrometry	0.00148
Asbestos	7 MFL1	Transmission electron microscopy	0.01 MFL
Barium	2	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.002
		Atomic absorption; direct aspiration	0.1
		Inductively coupled plasma	0.002
			(0.001)
Beryllium	0.004	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.0002
		Atomic absorption; platform	0.000025
		Inductively coupled plasma2	0.0003
		ICP-mass spectrometry	0.0003
Cadmium	0.005	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.0001
		Inductively coupled plasma	0.001
Chromium	0.1	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.001
		Inductively coupled plasma	0.007
			(0.001)
Cyanide	0.2	Distillation, spectrophotometric3	0.02
		Distillation, automated spectrophotometric 3	0.005
		Distillation, selective electrode3	0.05
		Distillation, amenable, spectrophotometric4	0.02
Fluoride	4.0	Colorimetric SPADNS; with distillation	0.1
		Potentiometric ion selective electrode	0.1
		Automated alizarin fluoride blue; with distillation (complexone)	0.05
		Automated ion selective electrode	0.1
Mercury	0.002	Manual cold vapor technique	0.0002
		Automated cold vapor technique	0.0002
Nitrate	10 (as N)	Manual cadmium reduction	0.01
		Automated hydrazine reduction	0.01
		Automated cadmium reduction	0.05
		Ion selective electrode	1
		Ion chromatography	0.01
Nitrite	1 (as N)	Spectrophotometric	0.01
		Automated cadmium reduction	0.05
		Manual cadmium reduction	0.01
		Ion chromatography	0.004
Selenium	0.05	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.002
		Atomic absorption; gaseous hydride	0.002
Thallium	0.002	Atomic absorption; furnace	0.001
		Atomic absorption; platform	0.00075
		ICP-mass spectrometry	0.0003
1MFL = million fibers per liter greater than ten (10) micrometers.
2Using a 2 × preconcentration step as noted in Method 200.7. Lower method detection limits may be achieved when using a 4 × preconcentration.
3Screening method for total cyanides.
4Measures "free" cyanides.
5Lower method detection limits are reported using stabilized temperature graphite furnace atomic absorption.
6The value for arsenic is effective January 1, 2006. Until then, the MCL is 0.05 mg/l.
7The MDL reported for EPA Method 200.9 (Atomic Absorption; Platform - Stabilized Temperature) was determined using a 2× concentration step during sample digestion. The MDL determined for samples analyzed using direct analyses, that is, no sample digestion, will be higher. Using multiple depositions, EPA 200.9 is capable of obtaining MDL of 0.0001 mg/l.
8Using selective ion monitoring, EPA Method 200.8 (ICP-MS) is capable of obtaining an MDL of 0.0001 mg/l.

(B) If the population served by the system is greater than three thousand three hundred (3,300) persons, then compositing may only be permitted by the commissioner at sampling points within a single system. In systems serving fewer than or equal to three thousand three hundred (3,300) persons, the commissioner may permit compositing among different systems provided the five (5) sample limit is maintained.

(C) If duplicates of the original sample taken from each sampling point used in the composite sample are available, the system may use these instead of resampling. The duplicate must be analyzed and the results reported to the commissioner within fourteen (14) days after completing analysis of the composite sample, provided the holding time of the sample is not exceeded.

(5) The frequency of monitoring for:

(A) asbestos shall be in accordance with subsection (d);

(B) antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, nickel, mercury, selenium, and thallium shall be in accordance with subsection (e);

(C) nitrate shall be in accordance with subsection (f); and

(D) nitrite shall be in accordance with subsection (g).

  (d) The frequency of monitoring conducted to determine compliance with the MCL for asbestos specified in section 4(d) of this rule shall be conducted as follows:

(1) Each CWS and NTNCWS is required to monitor for asbestos during the first three (3) year compliance period of each nine (9) year compliance cycle beginning in the compliance period starting January 1, 1993.

(2) If the system believes it is not vulnerable to either asbestos contamination in its source water or due to corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe, or both, it may apply to the commissioner for a waiver of the monitoring requirement in subdivision (1). If the commissioner grants the waiver, the system is not required to monitor.

(3) The commissioner may grant a waiver based upon a consideration of the following factors:

(A) Potential asbestos contamination of the water source.

(B) The use of asbestos-cement pipe for finished water distribution and the corrosive nature of the water.

(4) A waiver remains in effect for the initial monitoring of the first three (3) year compliance period. Systems not receiving a waiver must monitor in accordance with subdivision (1).

(5) A system vulnerable to asbestos contamination due solely to corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe shall take one (1) sample at a tap served by asbestos-cement pipe and under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.

(6) A system vulnerable to asbestos contamination due solely to source water shall monitor in accordance with subsection (c).

(7) A system vulnerable to asbestos contamination due both to its source water supply and corrosion of asbestos-cement pipe shall take one (1) sample at a tap served by asbestos-cement pipe and under conditions where asbestos contamination is most likely to occur.

(8) A system that exceeds the MCLs as determined in section 4 of this rule shall monitor quarterly beginning in the next quarter after the violation occurred.

(9) The commissioner may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement to the frequency specified in subdivision (1) provided the commissioner has determined that the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL. In no case can the commissioner make this determination unless a ground water system takes a minimum of two (2) quarterly samples and a surface (or combined surface/ground) water system takes a minimum of four (4) quarterly samples.

(10) If monitoring data collected after January 1, 1990, are generally consistent with this subsection, then the commissioner may allow systems to use that data to satisfy the monitoring requirement for the initial compliance period beginning January 1, 1993.

  (e) The frequency of monitoring conducted for nickel and to determine compliance with the MCLs in section 4 of this rule for antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cyanide, fluoride, mercury, selenium, and thallium shall be as follows:

(1) Ground water systems shall take one (1) sample at each sampling point during each compliance period. Surface water systems (or combined surface/ground) shall take one (1) sample annually at each sampling point.

(2) The system may apply to the commissioner for a waiver from the monitoring frequencies specified in subdivision (1).

(3) A condition of the waiver shall require that a system take a minimum of one (1) sample while the waiver is effective. The term during which the waiver is effective shall not exceed one (1) compliance cycle, which is nine (9) years.

(4) The commissioner may grant a waiver provided surface water systems have monitored annually for at least three (3) years and ground water systems have conducted a minimum of three (3) rounds of monitoring. (At least one (1) sample shall have been taken since January 1, 1990.) Both surface and ground water systems shall demonstrate that all previous analytical results were less than the MCL. Systems that use a new water source are not eligible for a waiver until three (3) rounds of monitoring from the new source have been completed. The commissioner may grant a public water system a waiver for monitoring of cyanide, provided that the commissioner determines that the system is not vulnerable due to lack of any industrial source of cyanide.

(5) In determining the appropriate reduced monitoring frequency, the commissioner shall consider the following:

(A) Reported concentrations from all previous monitoring.

(B) The degree of variation in reported concentrations.

(C) Other factors that may affect contaminant concentrations such as changes in:

(i) ground water pumping rates;

(ii) the system’s configuration;

(iii) the system’s operating procedures; or

(iv) stream flows or characteristics.

(6) A decision by the commissioner to grant a waiver shall be made in writing and shall set forth the basis for the determination. The determination may be initiated by the commissioner or upon an application by the public water system. The public water system shall specify the basis for its request. The commissioner shall review and, where appropriate, revise the determination of the appropriate monitoring frequency when the system submits new monitoring data or when other data relevant to the system’s appropriate monitoring frequency becomes available.

(7) Systems that exceed the MCLs as calculated in subsection (k) shall monitor quarterly beginning in the next quarter after the violation occurred.

(8) The commissioner may decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement to the frequencies specified in subdivisions (1) and (2) provided it has determined that the system is reliably and consistently below the MCL. In no case can the commissioner make this determination unless a ground water system takes a minimum of two (2) quarterly samples and a surface water system takes a minimum of four (4) quarterly samples.

(9) All new systems or systems that use a new source of water that begin operation after January 1, 2004, must demonstrate compliance with the MCL within a period of time specified by the commissioner. The system must also comply with the initial sampling frequencies specified by the commissioner to ensure a system can demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and increased monitoring frequencies shall be conducted in accordance with this section.

  (f) All public water systems (CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TWSs) shall monitor to determine compliance with the MCL for nitrate in section 4(a) of this rule under the following monitoring schedules:

(1) CWSs and NTNCWSs served by ground water systems shall monitor annually beginning January 1, 1993; systems served by surface water shall monitor quarterly beginning January 1, 1993.

(2) For CWSs and NTNCWSs, the repeat monitoring frequency for ground water systems shall be quarterly for at least one (1) year following any one (1) sample in which the concentration is greater than or equal to fifty percent (50%) of the MCL. The commissioner may allow a ground water system to reduce the sampling frequency to annually after four (4) consecutive quarterly samples are reliably and consistently less than the MCL.

(3) For CWSs and NTNCWSs, the commissioner may allow a surface water system to reduce the sampling frequency to annually if all analytical results from four (4) consecutive quarters are less than fifty percent (50%) of the MCL. A surface water system shall return to quarterly monitoring if any one (1) sample is greater than or equal to fifty percent (50%) of the MCL.

(4) Each TWS shall monitor annually beginning January 1, 1993.

(5) After the initial round of quarterly sampling is completed, each CWS and NTNCWS that is monitoring annually shall take subsequent samples during the quarter that previously resulted in the highest analytical result.

  (g) All public water systems (CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TWSs) shall monitor to determine compliance with the MCL for nitrite in section 4(a) of this rule under the following monitoring schedules:

(1) All public water systems shall take one (1) sample at each sampling point in the compliance period beginning January 1, 1993, and ending December 31, 1995.

(2) After the initial sample, systems where an analytical result for nitrite is less than fifty percent (50%) of the MCL shall monitor at the frequency specified by the commissioner.

(3) For CWSs, NTNCWSs, and TWSs, the repeat monitoring frequency for any water system shall be quarterly for at least one (1) year following any one (1) sample in which the concentration is greater than or equal to fifty percent (50%) of the MCL. The commissioner may allow a system to reduce the sampling frequency from quarterly to annually after determining the system is reliably and consistently less than the MCL.

(4) Systems that are monitoring annually shall take each subsequent sample during the quarter that previously resulted in the highest analytical result.

  (h) Confirmation sampling shall be as follows:

(1) Where the results of sampling for:

(A) antimony;

(B) arsenic;

(C) asbestos;

(D) barium;

(E) beryllium;

(F) cadmium;

(G) chromium;

(H) cyanide;

(I) fluoride;

(J) mercury;

(K) selenium; or

(L) thallium;

indicate the MCL has been exceeded, the commissioner may require that one (1) additional sample be collected as soon as possible after the initial sample was taken (but not to exceed two (2) weeks) at the same sampling point.

(2) Where nitrate or nitrite sampling results indicate the MCL has been exceeded, the system shall take a confirmation sample within twenty-four (24) hours of the system’s receipt of notification of the analytical results of the first sample. Systems unable to comply with the twenty-four (24) hour sampling requirement must immediately notify the consumers served by the public water system in accordance with 327 IAC 8-2.1-7 through 327 IAC 8-2.1-16. Systems exercising this option must take and analyze a confirmation sample within two (2) weeks of notification of the analytical results of the first sample.

(3) If a commissioner-required confirmation sample is taken for any contaminant, the results of the initial and confirmation sample shall be averaged. The resulting average shall be used to determine the system’s compliance in accordance with subsection (k). The commissioner has the discretion to delete results of obvious sampling errors.

  (i) The commissioner may require:

(1) more frequent monitoring than specified in subsections (d) through (g); or

(2) confirmation samples;

for positive and negative results.

  (j) Systems may apply to the commissioner to conduct more frequent monitoring than the minimum monitoring frequencies specified in this section.

  (k) Compliance with section 4 of this rule shall be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling point in the following manner:

(1) For systems that are conducting monitoring at a frequency greater than annual, compliance with the MCLs for:

(A) antimony;

(B) arsenic;

(C) asbestos;

(D) barium;

(E) beryllium;

(F) cadmium;

(G) chromium;

(H) cyanide;

(I) fluoride;

(J) mercury;

(K) selenium; or

(L) thallium;

is determined by a running annual average at each sampling point. If the average at any sampling point is greater than the MCL, then the system is out of compliance. If any one (1) sample would cause the annual average to be exceeded, then the system is out of compliance immediately. Any sample below the method detection limit shall be calculated at zero (0) for the purpose of determining the annual average. If a system fails to collect the required number of samples, compliance (average concentration) will be based on the total number of samples collected.

(2) For systems that are monitoring annually, or less frequently, the system is out of compliance with the MCLs for:

(A) antimony;

(B) arsenic;

(C) asbestos;

(D) barium;

(E) beryllium;

(F) cadmium;

(G) chromium;

(H) cyanide;

(I) fluoride;

(J) mercury;

(K) selenium; or

(L) thallium;

if the level of a contaminant at any sampling point is greater than the MCL. If a confirmation sample is required by the commissioner, the determination of compliance will be based on the annual average of the initial MCL exceedance and any commissioner-required confirmation samples. If a system fails to collect the required number of samples, compliance (average concentration) will be based on the total number of samples collected.

(3) Compliance with the MCLs for nitrate and nitrite is determined based on one (1) sample if the levels of these contaminants are below the MCLs. If the levels of nitrate or nitrite, or both, exceed the MCLs in the initial sample, a confirmation sample is required in accordance with subsection (h)(2), and compliance shall be determined based upon the average of the initial and confirmation samples.

(4) If a public water system has a distribution system separable from other parts of the distribution system with no interconnections, the commissioner may allow the system to give public notice to only the area served by that portion of the system that is out of compliance.

(5) Beginning January 1, 2006, arsenic sampling results will be reported to the nearest one-thousandth (0.001) mg/l.

  (l) Each public water system shall monitor at the time designated by the commissioner during each compliance period.

  (m) Sample collection for:

(1) antimony;

(2) arsenic;

(3) asbestos;

(4) barium;

(5) beryllium;

(6) cadmium;

(7) chromium;

(8) cyanide;

(9) fluoride;

(10) mercury;

(11) nickel;

(12) nitrate;

(13) nitrite;

(14) selenium; and

(15) thallium;

under this section shall be conducted using the sample preservation, container, and maximum holding time procedures specified in the following table:

Contaminant	Preservative3	Container1	Time2
Antimony	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Arsenic	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Asbestos	4°C	P or G	48 hours4
Barium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Beryllium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Cadmium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Chromium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Cyanide	4°C, NaOH	P or G	14 days
Fluoride	none	P or G	1 month
Mercury	HNO3	P or G	28 days
Nickel	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Nitrate	4°C	P or G	48 hours5
Nitrate-nitrite6	H2SO4	P or G	28 days
Nitrite	4°C	P or G	48 hours
Selenium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
Thallium	HNO3	P or G	6 months
1P = Plastic, hard or soft; G = glass.
2In all cases, samples should be analyzed as soon after collection as possible. Follow additional (if any) information on preservation, containers, or holding times that is specified in method.
3When indicated, samples must be acidified at the time of collection to pH < 2 with concentrated acid or adjusted with sodium hydroxide to pH > 12. When chilling is indicated the sample must be shipped and stored at four (4) degrees Celsius or less.
4Instructions for containers, preservation procedures, and holding times as specified in Method 100.2 must be adhered to for all compliance analyses including those conducted with Method 100.1.
5If the sample is chlorinated, the holding time for an unacidified sample kept at four (4) degrees Celsius is extended to fourteen (14) days.
6Nitrate-nitrite refers to a measurement of total nitrate.

(Water Pollution Control Division; 327 IAC 8-2-4.1; filed Dec 28, 1990, 5:10 p.m.: 14 IR 1007; filed Aug 24, 1994, 8:15 a.m.: 18 IR 23; filed Aug 25, 1997, 8:00 a.m.: 21 IR 34; errata filed Dec 10, 1997, 3:45 p.m.: 21 IR 1347; filed Jul 23, 2001, 1:02 p.m.: 24 IR 3946; filed Nov 20, 2001, 10:20 a.m.: 25 IR 1080; filed Jun 13, 2005, 2:30 p.m.: 28 IR 3190)