Section 327IAC6.1-4-13. Pathogen requirements

   (a) This section contains the requirements for a biosolid to be classified either Class A or Class B with respect to pathogens.

  (b) To be categorized as Class A, a biosolid must meet or exceed the following requirements:

(1) The pathogen requirements in subdivision (2) must be met either prior to, or at the same time as, the vector attraction reduction requirements in section 15(b)(1) through 15(b)(5), 15(b)(9), and 15(b)(10) of this rule.

(2) The requirements in one (1) of the following alternatives:

(A) For Class A, Alternative 1, except for composting, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) most probable number (MPN) per gram of total solids.

(ii) The temperature of the biosolid that is used or disposed must be maintained at a specific value for a period of time as applicable in the following:

(AA) When the percent total solids of the biosolid is seven percent (7%) or higher, the temperature of the biosolid must be fifty (50) degrees Celsius or higher; the time period must be twenty (20) minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period must be determined using Equation 1 as follows, except when small particles of biosolid are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid:

Equation 1:

Where:	D	=	Time in days.
	t	=	Temperature in degrees Celsius.

(BB) When the percent total solids of the biosolid is seven percent (7%) or higher and small particles of biosolid are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the biosolid must be fifty (50) degrees Celsius or higher; the time period must be fifteen (15) seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period must be determined using Equation 1 in subitem (AA).

(CC) When the percent total solids of the biosolid is less than seven percent (7%) and the time period is at least fifteen (15) seconds, but less than thirty (30) minutes, the temperature and time period must be determined using Equation 1 in subitem (AA).

(DD) When the percent total solids of the biosolid is less than seven percent (7%), the temperature of the biosolid is fifty (50) degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is thirty (30) minutes or longer, the temperature and time period must be determined using Equation 2 as follows:

Equation 2:

Where:	D	=	Time in days.
	t	=	Temperature in degrees Celsius.

(B) For Class A, Alternative 2, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) MPN per gram of total solids.

(ii) The pH of the biosolid must be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12 for seventy-two (72) hours.

(iii) The temperature of the biosolid must be above fifty-two (52) degrees Celsius for twelve (12) hours or longer during the period that the pH of the biosolid is above 12.

(iv) At the end of the seventy-two (72) hour period during which the pH of the biosolid is above 12, the biosolid must be air dried to achieve a percent total solids in the biosolid greater than fifty percent (50%).

(C) For Class A, Alternative 3, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) MPN per gram of total solids.

(ii) Regarding enteric viruses, the following:

(AA) The biosolid must be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the biosolid contains enteric viruses using ASTM Designation: D 4994-89*.

(BB) When the density of enteric viruses in the biosolid prior to pathogen treatment is less than one (1) plaque-forming unit (PFU) per four (4) grams of total solids the biosolid is Class A with respect to enteric viruses until the next monitoring required by section 16 of this rule for the biosolid.

(CC) When the density of enteric viruses in the biosolid prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than one (1) PFU per four (4) grams of total solids the biosolid is Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the density of enteric viruses in the biosolid after pathogen treatment is less than one (1) PFU per four (4) grams of total solids and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the biosolid that meets the enteric virus density requirement are documented.

(DD) After the enteric virus reduction in subitem (CC) is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolid continues to be Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in subitem (CC).

(iii) Regarding viable helminth ova, the following:

(AA) Prior to pathogen treatment the biosolid must be analyzed to determine whether the biosolid contains viable helminth ova using methods in EPA 600/1-87-014*.

(BB) When the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolid prior to pathogen treatment is less than one (1) per four (4) grams of total solids the biosolid is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring required by section 16 of this rule for the biosolid.

(CC) When the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolid prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than one (1) per four (4) grams of total solids the biosolid is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the density of viable helminth ova in the biosolid after pathogen treatment is less than one (1) per four (4) grams of total solids and when the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the biosolid that meets the viable helminth ova density requirement are documented.

(DD) After the viable helminth ova reduction in subitem (CC) is demonstrated for the pathogen treatment process, the biosolid continues to be Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in subitem (CC).

(D) For Class A, Alternative 4, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) MPN per gram of total solids.

(ii) The density of enteric viruses in the biosolid must be less than one (1) PFU per four (4) grams of total solids.

(iii) The density of viable helminth ova in the biosolid must be less than one (1) per four (4) grams of total solids.

(E) For Class A, Alternative 5, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) MPN per gram of total solids.

(ii) Biosolid must be treated in one (1) of the processes to further reduce pathogens described in section 14(b) of this rule.

(F) For Class A, Alternative 6, the following:

(i) The density of fecal coliform in the biosolid, as determined by Part 9221 E* or Part 9222 D*, must be less than one thousand (1,000) MPN per gram of total solids.

(ii) A biosolid must be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process to further reduce pathogens as determined by the commissioner on the recommendation of EPA.

  (c) To be categorized as Class B, a biosolid must meet one (1) of the following alternatives:

(1) For Class B, Alternative 1, the following:

(A) Seven (7) representative samples of the biosolid must be collected prior to land application.

(B) The geometric mean of the density of fecal coliform in the samples collected in clause (A) must be less than either two million (2,000,000) MPN per gram of total solids or two million (2,000,000) colony-forming units (CFU) per gram of total solids.

(2) For Class B, Alternative 2, the biosolid must be treated by one (1) of the processes to significantly reduce pathogens described in section 14(a) of this rule.

(3) For Class B, Alternative 3, the biosolid that is used or disposed must be treated in a process that is equivalent to a process to significantly reduce pathogens, as determined by the commissioner on the recommendation of EPA.

  (d) For purposes of subsection (b)(2)(B), the pH of biosolid must be measured at twenty-five (25) degrees Celsius or measured at another temperature and then converted to an equivalent value at twenty-five (25) degrees Celsius.

  *Methods referenced in this section may be obtained as follows:

(1) Part 9221 E and Part 9222 D may be found in "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater", 18th Edition, 1992, available from American Public Health Association, 1015 15th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.

(2) ASTM Designation: D 4994-89 may be found in "Standard Practice for Recovery of Viruses From Wastewater Sludges", 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Section 11.02, Water, Part 2, available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-1187.

(3) EPA 600/1-87-014, Yanko, W.A., "Occurrence of Pathogens in Distribution and Marketing Municipal Sludges", January 1988, is available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 (PB 88-154273/AS).

These methods are also available for copying at the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Office of Land Quality, 100 North Senate Avenue, Room N1154, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204. (Water Pollution Control Division; 327 IAC 6.1-4-13; filed May 15, 1998, 10:20 a.m.: 21 IR 3795; errata, 21 IR 4537; readopted filed Jan 10, 2001, 3:23 p.m.: 24 IR 1518; filed Jul 7, 2003, 4:25 p.m.: 26 IR 3613; errata filed Feb 6, 2006, 11:15 a.m.: 29 IR 1937; readopted filed Nov 21, 2007, 1:16 p.m.: 20071219-IR-327070553BFA; readopted filed Jul 29, 2013, 9:21 a.m.: 20130828-IR-327130176BFA)