Section 326IAC8-20-4. Control requirements for process wastewater

   (a) Any waste management unit that receives, manages, or treats an affected VOC wastewater stream or affected residual shall be controlled in accordance with:

(1) this section; or

(2) one (1) of the alternate methods of control listed in section 5 of this rule.

  (b) The control requirements apply from the point of generation of an affected VOC wastewater stream until the affected VOC wastewater stream, including any affected residual, is either returned to a process unit or treated in accordance with subsection (h).

  (c) For each individual drain system that receives or manages an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain on each opening in the individual drain system a cover and, if vented, route the vapors to a process or through a closed vent system to a control device as follows:

(A) The cover and all openings shall be maintained in a closed position at all times that an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is in the drain system except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling or removal or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.

(B) The control device shall be designed and operated to reduce the affected VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

(C) The individual drain system shall be designed and operated to segregate the vapors within the system from other drain systems and the atmosphere.

(2) The owner or operator shall comply with following requirements:

(A) Each drain shall be equipped with water seal controls or a tightly fitting cap or plug.

(B) If a water seal is used on a drain receiving an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall either extend the pipe discharging the wastewater below the liquid surface in the water seal of the receiving drain or install a flexible shield (or other enclosure that restricts wind motion across the open area between the pipe and the drain) that encloses the space between the pipe discharging the wastewater to the drain receiving the wastewater. A water seal that is used on a hub receiving a wastewater stream that is not an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual for the purpose of eliminating cross ventilation to drains carrying an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is not required to have an extended subsurface discharging pipe or a flexible shield.

(C) Each junction box shall be equipped with a tightly fitting solid cover, for example, no visible gaps, cracks, or holes, which shall be kept in place at all times except during inspection and maintenance.

(D) If the junction box is vented, the owner or operator shall comply with one (1) of the following requirements:

(i) The junction box shall be vented to a process or through a closed vent system to a control device that is designed and operated to reduce the VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

(ii) If the junction box is filled and emptied by gravity flow (for example, there is no pump) or is operated with no more than slight fluctuations in the liquid level, the owner or operator may vent the junction box to the atmosphere provided that the junction box complies with the following requirements:

(AA) The vent pipe shall be at least ninety (90) centimeters in length and not greater than ten and two-tenths (10.2) centimeters in nominal inside diameter.

(BB) Water seals shall be installed and maintained at the wastewater entrance or entrances to or exit from the junction box restricting ventilation in the individual drain system and between components in the individual drain system.

(E) Each sewer line shall not be open to the atmosphere and shall be covered or enclosed in a manner so as to have no visible gaps or cracks in joints, seals, or other emission interfaces.

  (d) For each surface impoundment that receives, manages, or treats an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The surface impoundment shall be equipped with a cover, for example, air-supported structure or rigid cover, and a closed-vent system that routes the VOC vapors vented from the surface impoundment to a control device that meets the following requirements:

(A) Each opening, for example, access hatch, sampling port, and gauge well, shall be maintained in a closed position, for example, covered by a lid, at all times that an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is in the surface impoundment except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling or removal or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.

(B) The cover shall be used at all times that an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is in the surface impoundment except during removal of treatment residuals in accordance with 40 CFR 268.4* or closure of the surface impoundment in accordance with 40 CFR 264.228*.

(C) The control device shall be designed and operated to reduce the affected VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

(2) The surface impoundment shall be equipped with a floating flexible membrane cover that meets the requirements specified in this subdivision as follows:

(A) The flexible membrane cover shall be designed to:

(i) float on the liquid surface during normal operations; and

(ii) form a continuous barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid.

(B) The flexible membrane cover shall be fabricated from a synthetic membrane material that is either a high density polyethylene with a thickness not less than two and five-tenths (2.5) millimeters (one hundred (100) mils) or a material (or a composite of different materials) determined to have both organic permeability properties that are equivalent to those of the high density polyethylene material and chemical and physical properties that maintain the material integrity for the intended service life of the material.

(C) The flexible membrane cover shall be installed in a manner such that there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces between cover section seams or between the interface of the cover edge and its foundation mountings.

(D) Except as provided for in clause (E), each opening in the flexible membrane cover shall be equipped with a closure device designed to operate such that, when the closure device is secured in the closed position, there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces in the closure device or between the perimeter of the cover opening and the closure device.

(E) The flexible membrane cover may be equipped with one (1) or more emergency cover drains for removal of stormwater. Each emergency cover drain shall be equipped with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least ninety percent (90%) of the area of the opening or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.

(F) Whenever an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is in the surface impoundment, the flexible membrane cover shall float on the liquid and each closure device shall be secured in the closed position. Opening of closure devices or removal of the flexible membrane cover is allowed to provide access to the surface impoundment for performing routine inspection, maintenance, or other activities needed for normal operations or to remove accumulated sludge or other residues from the bottom of the surface impoundment.

  (e) For each oil-water separator that receives, manages, or treats an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements:

(1) The oil-water separator shall be equipped with a fixed roof and a closed vent system that routes the vapors vented from the oil-water separator to a control device in accordance with following requirements:

(A) Each opening in the fixed roof, for example, access hatches, sampling ports, and gauge wells, shall be maintained in a closed, sealed position, for example, covered by a lid that is gasketed and latched, at all times that the oil-water separator contains an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling or removal or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.

(B) The control device shall be designed and operated to reduce the VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

(2) The oil-water separator shall be equipped with a floating roof in accordance with the requirements of this subdivision as follows:

(A) The oil-water separator shall be equipped with a floating roof that has a closure device between the floating roof and the wall of the separator. For portions of the oil-water separator where it is infeasible to construct and operate a floating roof, such as over the weir mechanism, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain a fixed roof, closed vent system, and control device that meet the requirements specified in subdivision (1).

(B) The closure device shall consist of a primary seal and a secondary seal. The primary seal shall be a liquid-mounted seal or a mechanical shoe seal. The secondary seal shall be above the floating roof and cover the annular space between the floating roof and the wall of the separator.

(C) The floating roof shall be floating on the liquid, such as, off the roof supports, at all times except during abnormal conditions, such as, low flow rate.

(D) Except as provided for in clause (E), each opening in the floating roof shall be equipped with a gasketed cover, seal or lid, which shall be maintained in the closed position at all times, except during inspection and maintenance.

(E) The floating roof may be equipped with one (1) or more emergency cover drains for removal of stormwater. Each emergency cover drain shall be equipped with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least ninety percent (90%) of the area of the opening or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.

  (f) For each portable container that receives, manages, or treats an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain a cover on the portable container and shall comply with the requirements of this subsection as follows:

(1) The cover shall remain in place and all openings, for example, bungs, hatches, sampling ports, and pressure relief devices, shall be maintained in a closed position, for example, covered by a lid, at all times that an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual is in the portable container except when it is necessary to use the opening for filling, removal, inspection, sampling, or pressure relief events related to safety considerations to prevent physical damage or permanent deformation of the portable container or cover.

(2) For portable containers with a capacity greater than or equal to one hundred ten (110) gallons, a submerged fill pipe shall be used when a container is being filled by pumping with an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual. The submerged fill pipe outlet shall extend to not more than six (6) inches or within two (2) fill pipe diameters of the bottom of the container while the container is being filled.

(3) During treatment of an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, including aeration, thermal, or other treatment, in a portable container, whenever it is necessary for the container to be open, the container shall be located within an enclosure with a closed-vent system that routes the VOC vapors vented from the container to a control device. The control device shall be designed and operated to reduce the VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

  (g) For each wastewater tank that receives, manages, or treats an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements of either subdivision (1) or (2) as follows:

(1) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain a fixed roof for the wastewater tank, except that if the wastewater tank meets any of the conditions in clauses (A) through (D), the owner or operator shall operate and maintain one (1) of the emission control techniques listed in subdivision (2) as follows:

(A) Used for heating wastewater.

(B) Used for treating by means of an exothermic reaction.

(C) The contents of the tank is sparged.

(D) The wastewater tank has a capacity equal to or greater than forty thousand (40,000) gallons, and the maximum vapor pressure stored material is equal to or greater than one and five-tenths (1.5) pounds per square inch absolute.

(2) The owner or operator shall operate and maintain one (1) of the following emission control techniques:

(A) A fixed roof and a closed-vent system that routes the VOC vapors vented from the wastewater tank to a control device as follows:

(i) Each opening in the fixed roof, for example, access hatches, sampling ports, and gauge wells, shall be maintained in a closed position, for example, covered by a lid, at all times that the wastewater tank contains an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual except when it is necessary to use the opening for wastewater sampling or removal or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair.

(ii) The control device shall be designed and operated to reduce the VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight.

(B) A fixed roof and an internal floating roof that meets the requirements specified in this clause as follows:

(i) The internal floating roof shall be floating on the liquid surface at all times except when the floating roof must be supported by the leg supports during initial fill, after the tank has been completely emptied and degassed, and when the tank is completely emptied before being subsequently refilled.

(ii) When the floating roof is resting on the leg supports, the process of filling, emptying, or refilling shall be continuous and shall be accomplished as soon as practical.

(iii) The internal floating roof shall be equipped with a closure device between the wall of the tank and the roof edge. The closure device shall consist of a liquid-mounted seal or a metallic shoe seal, or two (2) seals mounted one above the other so that each forms a continuous closure that completely covers the space between the wall of the storage vessel and the edge of the internal floating roof. The lower seal may be vapor-mounted, but both must be continuous seals.

(iv) Automatic bleeder vents are to be closed at all times when the roof is floating, except when the roof is being floated off or is being landed on the roof leg supports.

(v) Each opening in a noncontact internal floating roof except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents is to provide a projection below the liquid surface.

(vi) Each opening in the internal floating roof except for:

(AA) leg sleeves;

(BB) automatic bleeder vents;

(CC) rim space vents;

(DD) column wells;

(EE) ladder wells;

(FF) sample wells; and

(GG) stub drains;

shall be equipped with a cover or lid. The cover or lid shall be equipped with a gasket.

(vii) Each penetration of the internal floating roof for purposes of sampling shall be a sample well. Each sample well shall have a slit fabric cover that covers at least ninety percent (90%) of the opening.

(viii) Each automatic bleeder vent shall be gasketed.

(ix) Each rim space vent shall be gasketed.

(x) Each penetration of the internal floating roof that allows for passage of a ladder shall have a gasketed sliding cover.

(xi) Each penetration of the internal floating roof that allows for passage of a column supporting the fixed roof shall have a flexible fabric sleeve seal or a gasketed sliding cover.

(xii) Each cover or lid on any opening in the internal floating roof shall be closed, such as, no visible gaps, except when the cover or lid must be open for access. Covers on each access hatch and each gauge float well shall be bolted or fastened so as to be airtight when they are closed. Rim space vents are to be set to open only when the:

(AA) internal floating roof is not floating; or

(BB) pressure beneath the rim seal exceeds the manufacturer's recommended setting.

(C) An external floating roof that meets the requirements specified in this clause as follows:

(i) Each external floating roof shall be equipped with a closure device between the wall of the storage vessel and the roof edge. The closure device is to consist of two (2) seals, one above the other. The lower seal (primary seal) shall be either a metallic shoe seal or a liquid-mounted seal. The upper seal (secondary seal) shall be a rim-mounted or shoe-mounted seal.

(ii) Except during inspections, both the primary seal and the secondary seal shall completely cover the annular space between the external floating roof and the wall of the storage vessel in a continuous fashion.

(iii) Except for automatic bleeder vents (vacuum breaker vents) and rim space vents, each opening in the noncontact external floating roof shall provide a projection below the liquid surface.

(iv) Except for automatic bleeder vents, rim space vents, roof drains, and leg sleeves, each opening in the roof is to be equipped with a gasketed cover, seal, or lid, which is to be maintained in a closed position, such as, no visible gap, at all times except when the cover or lid must be open for access. Covers on each access hatch and each gauge float well shall be bolted or fastened so as to be airtight when they are closed.

(v) Automatic bleeder vents are to be closed at all times when the roof is floating, except when the roof is being floated off or is being landed on the roof leg supports.

(vi) Rim space vents are to be set to open only when the:

(AA) roof is being floated off the roof leg supports; or

(BB) pressure beneath the rim seal exceeds the manufacturer's recommended setting.

(vii) Automatic bleeder vents and rim space vents are to be gasketed.

(viii) Each roof drain that empties into the stored liquid is to be provided with a slotted membrane fabric cover that covers at least ninety percent (90%) of the area of the opening.

(ix) Each unslotted guide pole well shall have a gasketed sliding cover or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.

(x) Each unslotted guide pole shall have on the end of the pole a gasketed cap that is closed at all times except when gauging the liquid level or taking liquid samples.

(xi) Each slotted guide pole well shall have a gasketed sliding cover or a flexible fabric sleeve seal.

(xii) Each slotted guide pole shall have a gasketed float or other device that closes off the liquid surface from the atmosphere.

(xiii) Each gauge hatch or sample well shall have a gasketed cover that is closed at all times except when the hatch or well must be open for access.

(xiv) The external floating roof shall be floating on the liquid surface at all times except when the floating roof must be supported by the leg supports during the periods specified in this item as follows:

(AA) During the initial fill.

(BB) After the tank has been completely emptied and degassed.

(CC) When the tank is completely emptied before being subsequently filled.

(xv) When the floating roof is resting on the leg supports, the process of filling, emptying, or refilling shall be continuous and shall be accomplished as soon as practical.

  (h) For each treatment process managing an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual, the owner or operator shall comply with the requirements as specified in this subsection. Once an affected VOC wastewater stream or an affected residual has been treated in accordance with the requirements of this subsection, it is no longer subject to the requirements of this rule as follows:

(1) Each treatment process shall meet the applicable requirements of subsections (c) through (g).

(2) Gases vented from a treatment process shall be routed by means of a closed vent system to a control device that is designed and operated to reduce the VOC vented to it by at least ninety percent (90%) by weight. This requirement does not apply to any open biological treatment process that meets an alternative method of control under section 5 of this rule. Vents from anaerobic biological treatment processes may be routed through hard-piping to a fuel gas system.

(3) For each of the affected VOC wastewater streams that are treated in a nonbiological treatment process (or a combination of nonbiological treatment processes), the owner or operator shall, by removal or destruction, reduce the mass flow rate of affected VOC by ninety percent (90%) or more while reducing the affected VOC concentration to less than one thousand (1,000) parts per million by weight. Dilution shall not be used to achieve compliance with this subdivision. This requirement is not applicable for wastewater of residuals that comply with the requirements for RCRA treatment options specified in subdivision (6).

(4) The owner or operator using a closed biological treatment process for at least one (1) affected VOC wastewater stream shall reduce the mass flow rate for all affected VOC from all wastewater streams entering the biological treatment process by at least ninety percent (90%).

(5) Design steam stripper option. The owner or operator shall operate and maintain a steam stripper that meets all the requirements of this subdivision as follows:

(A) A minimum active column height of five (5) meters.

(B) A countercurrent flow configuration with a minimum of ten (10) actual trays.

(C) A minimum steam flow rate of four-hundredths (0.04) kilogram of steam per liter of wastewater feed within the column.

(D) A minimum wastewater feed temperature to the steam stripper of ninety-five (95) degrees Celsius or minimum column operating temperature of ninety-five (95) degrees Celsius.

(E) A maximum liquid loading of sixty-seven thousand one hundred (67,100) liters per hour per square meter.

(F) Operate at nominal atmospheric pressure.

(6) RCRA treatment options. The owner or operator may elect to treat the affected VOC wastewater stream or affected residual in a unit identified in, and complying with, clause (A), (B), or (C) as follows:

(A) The affected VOC wastewater stream or affected residual is discharged to a hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR 270* and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR 264, Subpart O*, or has certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR 265, Subpart O*.

(B) The affected VOC wastewater stream or affected residual is discharged to a process heater or boiler burning hazardous waste for which the owner or operator has:

(i) been issued a final permit under 40 CFR 270* and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR 266, Subpart H*; or

(ii) certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR 266, Subpart H*.

(C) The affected VOC wastewater stream or affected residual is discharged to an underground injection well for which the owner or operator has been issued a final permit under 40 CFR 270* or 40 CFR 144* and complies with the requirements of 40 CFR 122*. The owner or operator shall comply with all applicable requirements of 40 CFR 122* prior to the point where the wastewater enters the underground portion of the injection well.

(7) Affected residuals. For each affected residual, the owner or operator shall control for air emissions by complying with subsections (c) through (g) and by complying with one (1) of the following requirements:

(A) Recycle the affected residual to a production process or sell the affected residual for the purpose of recycling. Once an affected residual is returned to a production process, the affected residual is no longer subject to this rule.

(B) Return the affected residual to the treatment process.

(C) Treat the affected residual to destroy the total combined mass flow rate of affected VOC by ninety-nine percent (99%) or more in a nonbiological treatment process.

(D) Comply with the requirements for RCRA treatment options specified in subdivision (6).

  *These documents are incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20401 or are available for review and copying at the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Office of Air Quality, Indiana Government Center North, Tenth Floor, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204. (Air Pollution Control Division; 326 IAC 8-20-4; filed Nov 3, 2009, 3:32 p.m.: 20091202-IR-326090222FRA; errata filed Nov 19, 2009, 10:03 a.m.: 20091216-IR-326090222ACA)